Medical Training:  University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (MBChB, Doctor of Medicine - 1972)

Internship / Fellowship / Residency:
Internship - Obstetrics & Gynecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, S. Africa - 1973
Internship - Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, S. Africa - 1974
Senior Intern - Medicine, Endocrinology & Radiotherapy, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, S. Africa - 1974
Senior Intern - Pediatrics, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town S. Africa - 1975
Registrar - Anesthesia, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, S. Africa - 1976 - 1978
Residency - Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC - 1978
Chief Resident - Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC - 1979

Clinical Anesthesia:
Medical Park Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

Board Certification
ECFMG - 1972
FLEX (NC) - 1978
Board Certified Anesthesia - 1983

Professional Memberships:
American Society of Anesthesiologists
North Carolina Medical Association
Internal Anesthesia Research Society
NC Society of Anesthesiologists

Special Interests
Pediatric Anesthesia
Regional Anesthesia